It Starts Early! Male-Dominated Classes and Girls' Bullying

Using Italian INVALSI data on primary school students and quasi-random allocation of students to classes, this paper shows that a higher share of boys increases reported victimization among girls.

IZA Discussion Paper · December 2025 · Scott Cunningham, Maria Laura Di Tommaso, António Melo, Silvia Mendolia, Giulia Savio

Cannabis for Recreational Use by Adults in Portugal: Economic Impact. A Tax Revenue Approach

This paper estimates the size of the illegal cannabis market in Portugal and the market size, fiscal revenue and jobs that legalisation for adult use could generate.

Working paper · June 2022 · Filipe Caires, Diogo Conceição, Filipe Correia, Mariana Esteves, António Melo, Alexandre Mendonça, Susana Peralta, Pedro Rosado